I had that same drive a few weeks after getting mine. I was doing 140-145 when I hit 5th! Sorry your car let you down, this time.
It could definitely be a CPS, or it’s wires. You should not drive it until you get it diagnosed and repaired. Was anything mechanical done to the car before you bought it? If you don’t see any obvious issue with the wires you might go ahead and replace the CPS, use OEM MOPAR, and hopefully that will do it. But if not you might need diagnostic tools that many don’t have, so your dealership is the next stop I suppose.
On the other question, I don’t think it’s your battery, the alternator takes over after you start the car. But I had a bad battery that would still start the car every time, but there was this weird sort of hesitation when I first press the button, I didn’t realize that the battery was going out. I finally figured it out when I kept failing emission inspection. So yea, it could be going out, but it’s probably not the cause of your issue. If you pull the battery to get it tested go to Walmart, their battery testing equipment is way superior to auto parts stores. But you will clear all stored memory and will have to drive the car to get everything reset. The dealership supposedly has equipment to store your settings during testing, and perhaps that’s a better choice. BTW, my last THREE (3) MOPAR batteries have all died just after 24 months, like clockwork!
Good luck!